Tongue Cancer

First, what is tongue cancer?
Tongue cancer is the most common oral cancer, and more men than women. For the majority of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue cancer, particularly in 2 / 3 site, adenocarcinoma rare, and more at the tongue base, the base of the tongue can sometimes occur lymphoid cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. Multi-lingual tongue cancer occurred in margin, followed by our tongue, the tongue back and the base of the tongue and other places, often for the ulcer type or infiltrating. General vicious higher degree of rapid growth, more invasive, and often affected muscle, resulting in tongue movement is restricted, so to speak, both in eating and swallowing difficulties. Tongue cancer backward can be violated arch palate and tongue tonsil, advanced tongue cancer can spread to the floor of the mouth and jaw, so that the entire tongue fixation. In secondary infection or cancer often tongue base in severe pain, and radiotherapy to the same face. Because of the tongue has rich lymphatic and blood circulation, and the mechanical movement frequent tongue, and the transfer of the earlier transfer of tongue cancer risk higher. Tongue back or crossing the midline of the tongue to tongue cancer can contralateral cervical lymph node metastasis;Department of the lower jaw and neck cancer more deep lymph nodes, in the group transfer; dental cancer can be transferred to the Department under the chin or directly to the deep cervical in the lymph nodes, the cancer of the tongue base not only transferred to the lower jaw or deep cervical lymph nodes, but also to the styloid process and after the posterior pharyngeal lymph node metastasis. Distant metastasis occurred tongue cancer may also, more generally transferred to the lungs.
Second, the diagnosis of tongue cancer
1) tumor incidence in the lateral margin of the tongue in 1 / 3, showed infiltration or collapse soup block.
2) corresponding parts often foci of chronic stimulation factors exist, such as root, residual crown or bad repair; may also exist, such as leukoplakia precancerous lesions.
3) pain significantly,
4) tumor infiltration to tongue nerves and hypoglossal nerve, it can have tongue numb tongue movements and obstacles arise words, eating and swallowing difficulties.
5) tumor metastasis through more, earlier, to the most deep cervical lymph node see; can also occur distant metastasis to lung metastasis common.
6) According history of violations can be tongue cancer at the end of the floor of mouth cancer of the mouth and tongue situation differential.
Third, tongue cancer prevention: removal of the tongue cancer incidence incentives to enhance the body resistance, in tongue cancer is an effective prevention measures.
Tongue cancer of the oral cancer 45.9 percent, also found the edge of the tongue rotten teeth (residual crown, root), the age-sharp teeth wear a non-functional or occlusal surface cusp of the ridge edge of the long-term mechanical tongue mucosa stimulate and chronic injury. In tongue cancer is a major factor. Alcohol, smoking bad habits, the long-term to stimulate the tongue mucosa, and tongue cancer incidence also closely related. In addition, the majority of oral tongue cancer patients with poor health, often suffering from diseases such as periodontitis, so that long-term oral mucosa in the invasion of the bacteria, so that the edge of the tongue base constantly being infected with chronic injury, wound erosion long also prompted tongue cancer the important factors.
The specific method is:
1, we should pay attention to oral hygiene, do daily morning and evening brushing, mouthwash after meals; annual oral examination 1-2 times and found teeth, gum disease to be treated and, if early lesions should be removed.
2, use to repair the residual crown, root should be promptly dealt with earlier restoration of the normal anatomy of the teeth; difficult to cure, the use of residual crown, root, even if no inflammation, pain the symptoms, but also promptly removed, and set teeth on time.
3, grinding to a non-functional sharp teeth and sharp edge ridge to crown the cusp occlusal surface and edge ridge into a round blunt shape, in order to prevent injury lingual edge organizations.
4, found that benign lesions or precancerous lesions, such as tongue body papilloma or erosive lichen planus, excision biopsy should be timely, or positive treatment, periodic observation.
5, quit smoking, alcohol and other bad habits; enhance physical exercise, improved nutrition, eat more rich in vitamins and anti-cancer, anti-cancer role of the fresh fruits, the incidence of tongue cancer prevention is very important.
Fourth, the early symptoms of tongue cancer
Most of tongue cancer from normal mucosa on the occurrence of cancer is the beginning; from a few feet from benign lesions, such as changing from white form.
Occur in Tongue Margin of 1 / 3, followed by abdominal and tongue tongue back. Tongue cancer early can be seen under the ear and submandibular lymphadenopathy. Early symptoms not obvious, mucosal surface can be expressed as a clear boundary, the scope of fixed, color anomaly region. Most of this area was red or red-and-white, smooth surface can be a small or granular, the majority of ulcers, a handful of ulcer; may mucosal surface or higher than mucosal surface one millimeter around. Obvious signs displayed during mass for the tongue, ulcers with pain. When the tumor at the base of tongue violations, there will be radioactive earache; invasive tumors can cause the tongue muscle movement restricted tongue when the whole invasion causing tongue tongue fixed, drooling, eating difficulties, language unclear.
Foci may ischemia, hypoxia, caused necrosis, ulcers and secondary infection, with a blood, stench. The tongue cancer cervical lymph node metastasis rate of 29% to 38%, sooner or later period associated with the disease. Treatment of tongue cancer, radiotherapy is not the first choice in emergency surgery. Diameter 2 cm below the cure rate can be as much as 88 percent.
5. Tongue cancer treatment and dietary care
(1), the treatment of tongue cancer mainly to surgical resection. Tongue cancer of the tongue jaw radical neck joint radical operation + pectoralis major flap transplantation. Surgery can cause facial deformities and patients with dysfunction and affect the patient’s quality of life, patients despair, fear, refused psychological treatment. Nurses should patiently explain to divert work on the preoperative and postoperative prognosis of the situation, the best for the same operation is successful communication with their patients, talk experience and reduce the tension with fear, with the treatment.
1) before surgery tongue cancer care:
Three routine examination, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, blood, blood coagulation four; check liver and kidney function, liver and gallbladder ultrasound, head MR excluded organ metastasis; preoperative three days mouthwash, use Bayesian Duo Furacilin fluid or fluid – bring to maintain oral cleaning. Preoperative 1, do I prepare Paper Week, with blood, drug allergy test. Preoperative ban eating 10 hours.
2) post-operative care tongue cancer:
1. Pillow to supine position, the first preference contralateral, neck brake to prevent traction pectoralis major vascular pedicle. After 24 hours later to be half-sitting position to shoot back, Qin stood up to prevent falling plot pneumonia and the occurrence of pressure sores, keep at room temperature 22 to 25 ℃.
2. Closely observe the changes in vital signs, especially respiratory, to maintain airway patency, if tracheotomy, pay attention to timely sputum suction to prevent the obstruction caused by suffocation, do tracheal kits care, to the α + chloramphenicol eye drops chymotrypsin drop casing q2h. Ultrasound aerosol staff members, guiding patients effectively expectoration.
3. Observation of the flow from the open to prevent drainage tube off, distorted leak. Records drainage liquid color, quality, quantity and, if abnormal timely reporting doctors.
4. Flap survival after observation, skin temperature can be measured temperature. If after 72 hours found flap pale, skin temperature less than 2 ~ 3 degrees for arterial insufficiency, skin temperature lower than the 3 to 5 degrees, and more obstacles to venous return. Doctors should report, to the low molecular weight dextran 500 ml or Fufang Danshen intravenous fluid infusion, vascular expansion, improvement flap blood supply.
5. Good oral care. For two percent hydrogen peroxide + saline solution or alternate Furacilin washing two times a day.
6. After 24 hours nasal feeding feeding, not the total calories in 10467 to 12560 J (2500 ~ 3000 card). Time 7 ~ 10 days, let the patient before extubation trial mouth eating liquid.
7. Antibiotics as directed to prevent infection and, if necessary, blood transfusion or albumin to enhance resistance.
8. Wound healing, guiding patients tongue functional training, tongue protrusion, the volume, lateral extension, the next arrival, rotate daily 4 ~ 5 times, 5 to 10 minutes, voice training from the single statement to complex language .
9. Tongue cancer after chemotherapy or radiotherapy for regular referral to ensure that the high-protein, high-nutrition food, and maintain oral cleaning.

FROM:http://enquiriesdisease.com/2007/11/tongue-cancer.html